中文摘要：

实际的量子密钥分发过程中，传输损耗和探测器的效率都直接影响密钥的产生效率。量子身份认证需要通信双方保证认证信息的完整性。针对以上问题，提出了一种基于光子偏振旋转的量子身份认证协议，利用对认证信息的重复编码解决传输损耗问题。考虑到协议的安全性，该协议在相邻的有效认证量子态间编入随机态。安全性分析表明该协议可成功抵御截取重发攻击以及光子数劈裂攻击。在此基础上，设计了现有技术条件下可操作的认证系统方案，考虑了传输损耗和探测效率，具有实用意义。

英文摘要：

In the practical distribution process of quantum key, the transmission loss and efficiency of detectors have a direct impact on the efficiency of key generation. The quantum identity authentication requires both communication sides to ensure the integrity of the authentication information. Considering the problems above, a quantum identity authentication protocol based on photon polarization rotation is proposed, in which repetition coding is used to solve the problem of transmission loss. In order to guarantee the security of protocol, random states are inserted into the adjaceneies of the useful authentication quantum states. Security analysis shows that the protocol can successfully resist the intercept-resent attack and beamsplitting attack. Furthermore, a useful authentication system practicable under present technical conditions is designed. It is helpful in applications that transmission loss and detection efficiency are taken into consideration.