中文摘要：

2014年7月至12月,对贵州草海湿地自然保护区9个采样点的大型底栖动物种类组成、分布和现存量进行调查,利用指示生物结合生物学指数进行水质评价。结果表明,草海湿地自然保护区大型底栖动物物种种类丰富,生物多样性较高,共发现大型底栖动物29种,隶属于3门6纲15科,昆虫纲和腹足纲为绝对优势种,分别为6种、16种;寡毛纲2种,蛭纲2种,甲壳纲2种,瓣鳃纲1种,物种分析表明纹沼螺、静水椎实螺、赤豆螺、苏氏尾鳃蚓、雕翅摇蚊、卵萝卜螺、葛氏米虾、梨形环稜螺、拟钉螺、环足摇蚊为草海湿地优势种。草海湿地大型底栖动物密度在各样点呈现一定差异,DⅤ最大,为1 824 ind/m2,DⅦ最小,为96 ind/m2,在9采样点中生物量值的变化范围为2.74~557.03 g/m2,平均生物量为168.13 g/m2,Margalef指数平均值为1.62,Shannon-Wiener指数平均值为2.49,采用生物学污染指数（IBP）与Chandler生物指数（ICB）对草海湿地的水质进行生物评价,结果得出目前该水体处于中度污染状态。

英文摘要：

Macrozoobenthos were sampled by Peterson grab to study the community structure in winter in Caohai nature reserve from July to December,2014. The water quality of Caohai wetland was evaluated by ecological indicators combined with biological indices. Results indjcate that the macrozoobenthos in Caohai wetland with high species diversity are abundant.A total of 29 species of macrozoobenthos, belonging to 3 phyla, 6 orders and 33 family, were found in the study area.Insecta and Gastropoda were absolutely dominant ecological groups, which were 6 species and l6 species respectively. 2species belonged to Oligochaeta. 2 species to Hirudinea,2 species to Crustacca, only l species belonged to Lamellibranchia.P.striatulus,Lymnaea stagnalis,Bithynia fuchsiana,Branchiura sowerbyi,Glyptotendipes,R.ouata,C.gregoryiana,B.purificata,Tricula and Cricotopus were dominate in Caohai wethland. Species densities were different in every sampling site.The maximum value was 1 824 individuals per square meter, and the minimum value was 96 individuals per square meter, Biomass ranges from2.74 g / m2 to 557.03 g / m2 in the night sampling sites, with a mean biomass of 168.13 g / m2. Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Margalef richness index were 2.49 and 1.62, respectively. The water quality assessment by the biological index of pollution and Chandler Biotic Index showed that Caohai wetland was moderately polluted.