中文摘要：

心律失常是心脏疾病常见的病症之一，不仅引起心脏功能障碍还可引起心源性猝死。MicroRNAs（miRNAs）是一类长度约22nt的单链非编码RNA。MiRNAs广泛参与细胞增殖、凋亡、分化、氧化应激等病理生理过程。MiRNAs不仅与心肌梗死、心肌肥厚及心肌纤维化等疾病发生密切相关，更与多种心脏病理状态下心脏电重构和心律失常的发生密切相关。近年来越来越多的研究证实miR-1、miR-328、let-7、miR-26、miR-208a等在心律失常发生发展过程中发挥了重要作用，并有望成为心律失常预警、诊断和治疗的新靶点。在这里阐述了这些miRNAs在心房纤颤、室性心律失常及心肌纤维化发生中的作用及意义。

英文摘要：

Cardiac arrhythmia is one of the most common complications of heart disease, and can cause myocardial dysfunction and even sudden cardiac death. MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are the single stranded non-encoding RNAs consisting of about 22 nucleotides. MiRNAs are involved in the physiological and pathological processes of cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and oxidative stress. MiRNAs are not only related to heart diseases such as myocardial infarction, myocardial hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis, but also associated to electrical remodeling and arrhythmia in many cardiac pathological conditions. In recent years, lots of studies have demonstrated that miR-1, miR-328, let-7, miR-26, miR-208a, etc play a vital role in the development of cardiac arrhythmia and might be the potential target for early prediction, diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmia. Here we describe the role and significance of the miRNAs in atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmia and myocardial fibrosis.