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不同水肥盐调控措施对盐碱耕地综合质量的影响

ISSN号：0564-3945
期刊名称：《土壤通报》
时间：0
分类：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学;农业科学—农业基础科学]
作者机构：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008
相关基金：公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费资助项目（200903001）; 国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划）资助项目（2010CB429001）; 海洋公益性行业科研专项经费资助项目（2011418020）; 江苏省自然科学基金资助项目（BK2010610）资助

关键词：易盐区, 盐碱障碍, 耕地综合质量, 水肥盐优化调控, Easily-salinized area, Salinization obstruction, Comprehensive quality of farmland, Optimized water-fertilizer-salt regulation

中文摘要：

针对黄淮海平原等易盐地区耕地盐碱障碍消减和综合质量提升的研究目标,开展多因子和不同因子水平下的微区玉麦轮作试验,综合分析不同N肥投入、土壤培肥、秸秆覆盖、优化灌溉等措施对不同盐碱程度耕地生产力和水肥盐状况等综合质量的调控效果,并初步提出水肥盐优化调控模式。研究表明：易盐区枯水年夏玉米种植期积盐风险高于冬小麦期;单一的高N投入措施利于轻度盐碱耕地增产但对中度盐碱耕地产量提升和盐渍害防控效果不显著;有机肥施用可有效培肥土壤、促进土壤排盐抑碱、提升生产力;秸秆覆盖能显著提升土壤保水能力、抑制表土盐碱害,但其对作物根层盐碱抑制效果不明显,需结合优化灌溉来加速根层盐分淋洗;水肥盐优化调控措施可提升盐碱土壤供N能力、减少化肥用量,利于降低农业成本并改善土壤生态环境;易盐区盐碱耕地根层土壤积盐和表土碱害风险长期存在,需结合水肥盐调控措施和农艺及水利措施来综合防控。

英文摘要：

In order to study the mechanism of soil salinization elimination and saline land quality promotion in easily-salinized area in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,multifactor and multilevel micro-plot experiments of corn-wheat rotation were carried out to comprehensively analyze the impacts of different water-fertilizer-salt regulation measures,including different rates of N fertilizer input,fertilization,straw mulch and optimized irrigation,on the comprehensive qualities such as saline farmland productivity and water-salt conditions.Results showed that the soil salinization risk during corn growth period was higher than the risk during wheat period in dry years.The single measure of increasing nitrogen fertilizer amount could enhance crop yield in light saline degree farmland but couldn＇t significantly enhance crop yield and restrain salinization in moderate saline degree farmland.Organic fertilizer could significantly improve soil fertility and speed up salt leaching and enhance field yield.Straw mulching measure could significantly increase soil moisture preservation and restrain surface soil salinization but couldn＇t effectively restrain root layer soil salinization which needed optimized irrigation measure to leach root layer salt.Optimized water-fertilizer-salt regulation measures could improve nitrogen-supplying capacities of saline soil which was good for decreasing chemical fertilizer amount and reducing agriculture cost and improving soil ecological environment.Water-fertilizer-salt regulation measures,agronomic measures and hydraulic measures needed to be combined to prevent and control the long-term risk of root layer soil salinization and surface soil alkalization in easily-salinized area.