中文摘要：

为了解不同地理种群喜马拉雅旱獭（Marmota himalayana）的种群数量变化并探讨其内在的遗传学机制，通过构建部分基因组文库的方法筛选出8个高变异微卫星位点，根据微卫星位点的测序结果设计相应引物，PCR扩增检测了青藏高原4个地理种群（德令哈、乌兰、沱沱河、安多）喜马拉雅旱獭的遗传多态性及其种群结构。研究结果显示：8个位点在喜马拉雅旱獭种群中均为高度多态，观察等位基因数、有效等位基因数、多态信息含量分别为4．75、3．0332、0．6102；喜马拉雅旱獭种群总的期望杂合度和观察杂合度分别为0．670、0．699；3个喜马拉雅旱獭种群显著（P〈0．05）或极显著（P〈0．01）偏离H—W平衡状态，且这些偏离平衡的位点均由杂合过度导致（FIS〈0）；喜马拉雅旱獭种群的部分位点已经偏离了突变一漂移平衡。结论：筛选出的8个微卫星位点适合于喜马拉雅旱獭种群遗传多样性的研究，所研究的喜马拉雅旱獭种群有较高的遗传多样性，安多地理种群在近期可能经历过瓶颈效应，种群数量曾经下降。

英文摘要：

To understand the changes in the number and the genetic mechanism of Himalayan Marmot （Marmota himalayana ）, 4 geographical populations （Delhi, Ulan, Tuotuohe and Ando） living in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were investigated using microsatellite data. Eight microsatellite loci were selected as the molecular markers. The allele numbers, effective allele numbers and polymorphism information content were estimated to characterize genetic diversity. Tests to detect excess heterozygosity in a population at mutation-drift equilibrium were analyzed. The results show that all loci were high polymorphism, the allele numbers, effective allele numbers and polymorphism information content were 4.75, 3.033 2 and 0.610 2, respectively. The expected heterozygosity and the observed heterozygosity were 0.670 and 0.699. Tests of departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium indicated many loci with significant heterozygosity excess at P 〈 0.05. As a conclusion, the Himalayan marmot population living in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has a relatively rich diversity; The Ando populations were significantly different from mutation-drift equilibrium with heterozygote excesses, they had suffered bottleneck effects in the past as well as the recent population decline.