中文摘要：

海中央山脉(粗腐殖质) 上的大规模分开差错提供一扇窗户进更深的地球。他们在他们的弄皱的表面上有 megamullion，与暴露了更低的外壳、上面的披风岩石，相对高的剩余 Bouguer 严肃异例和 P 波浪速度，并且通常与海洋的核心建筑群被联系。根据在粗腐殖质上识别的 30 个分开差错，我们发现他们到轴的距离主要从 5 ～ 50 km，从 6.8 ～ 17 mm/a 的散布一半的率范围，和活动时间范围从对 3 妈最近。大多数分开差错在慢传播中间大西洋的理兹(3 月) 和极端慢的传播西南印度理兹(SWIR ) 上被开发，与 713 mm/a 的主导的散布一半的率，特别 1013 mm/a。而且，他们主要发生在里面在传播的不对称的 seafloor 的一片断结束和结果的角落。粗腐殖质上的分开差错被 tectonism 主要控制并且由 magmatism 影响了。在山脉岩浆供应在中等水平的地方，长寿分开差错趋于被形成，尽管 tectonism 是一个一阶的控制因素。在慢传播山脉，在，本地岩浆供应在极端慢的传播山脉是相对低的的地方，分开差错趋于发生，在本地岩浆供应相对高的地方，他们通常发生。这些差错被热水的活动伴随，他们在热水的 polymetallic 硫化物和他们的起源的学习是有用的关系地。

英文摘要：

Large-scale detachment faults on mid-ocean ridges （MORs） provide a window into the deeper earth. They have megamullion on their corrugated surfaces, with exposed lower crustal and upper mantle rocks, rela- tively high residual Bouguer gravity anomaly and P-wave velocity, and are commonly associated with ocean- ic core complex. According to 30 detachment faults identified on MORs, we found that their distances to the axis mostly range from 5 to 50 km, half-spreading rates range from 6.8 to 17 mm/a, and activity time ranges from recent to 3 Ma. Most of the detachment faults are developed on the slow spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge （MAR） and ultra-slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge （SWIRl, with the dominant half-spreading rates of 7-13 mm/a, especially 10-13 mm/a. Furthermore, they mostly occur at the inside corner of one segment end and result in an asymmetric seafloor spreading. The detachment faults on MORs are mainly controlled by the tectonism and influenced by the magmatism. Long-lived detachment faults tend to be formed where the ridge magma supply is at a moderate level, although the tectonism is a first-order controlling factor. At the slow spreading ridges, detachment faults tend to occur where local magma supply is relatively low, whilst at the ultra-slow spreading ridges, they normally occur where local magma supply is relatively high. These faults are accompanied by hydrothermal activities, with their relationships being useful in the study of hydrothermal polymetallic sulfides and their origin.