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输水渠道冰盖增厚物理模型试验相似律研究

ISSN号：1672-1683
期刊名称：南水北调与水利科技
时间：2012.6.6
页码：12-15
分类：TV68[水利工程—水利水电工程] TV131.6[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]
作者机构：[1]天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室,天津300072
相关基金：国家重大科技专项（2012ZX07205005）;教育部“长江学者和创新团队发展计划”创新团队（IRT0851）;国家创新研究群体科学基金（51021004）
相关项目：重大水利工程安全性的基础理论研究

作者：赵新|王旭|张雅卓|ZHAO Xin,WANG Xu,ZHANG Ya-zhuo(State Key Laborator|

关键词：冰期输水, 模型试验, 相似律, 冻结模型冰, water diversion during the ice period, physical model experiment, similarity law, frozen model Ice

中文摘要：

随着南水北调中线工程冰期输水相关问题研究的深入，理论研究成果亟需物理模型试验和原型观测数据的支持和验证，由于原型观测难度较大，且影响因素不可控，物理模型试验方法成为解决冰水力学问题的有效途径。现在国内外学者开展冰水力学模型试验的成果基础上，结合冰水力学理论研究成果，对以冻结模型冰为试验材料的输水渠道冰盖增厚物理模型试验相似律展开研究，并通过物理模型试验进行了验证。研究表明：冰凌下潜临界流速的比尺为入^0.5，水力加厚冰盖沉积厚度的比尺为A，均遵循重力相似准则；对于力学加厚冰盖，由于冰凌黏结力不遵循重力相似准则，结冰期需设法控制黏结力；融冰期可按照重力相似准则设计，但需控制环境温度在结冰点以上，以减小冰凌间的黏结力；因此输水渠道冰盖增厚物理模型试验宜采用冻结模型冰为试验对象，试验应按照重力相似准则进行设计。

英文摘要：

With the research development on water diversion during the ice period in the South-to-North Water Diversion project, the theoretical research results need to be proved and supported by the physical model experiments and in-situ measured data. The in-situ measurements are usually difficult to obtain and their influencing factors are difficult to control, thus the physical model experiments have become an effective approach to solve the ice hydraulics problems. Based on the existing research results for the ice hydraulics experiments from the domestic and foreign scholars and the ice hydraulics theory, the frozen model ice was used as the experiment material, and then the similarity law of the physical model experiments was studied and verified for the ice cover thickening in the conveyance channel in this paper. The results showed that （1） The scale of the critical flow velocity for the submergence of ice slush is , and the scale of the thickness of the hydraulic thickened ice cover is. Both of them follow the rule of gravity similarity; （2） For the mechanic thickened ice cover, since the ice adhesion strength does not follow the rule of gravity similarity, the adhesion strength needs to be controlled during the frozen period; （3） During the ice-melting period, the experiments follow the rule of gravity similarity. However, the temperature should be above the freezing point to reduce the cohbetween ice slush; （4） The froze model ice is applicable for the physical model experiments for the ice cover thickening in the conveyance channel, and these experiments should be designed according to the rule of gravity similarity.

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