中文摘要：

与以往使用抽样调查数据的研究不同，本文利用在贵州省普定县随机抽取三个村庄的全户调查数据，运用三种针对不平等指数的分解方法，旨在分析西部地区农村内部不平等状况、主要影响因素及其原因，以便为瞄准住户的扶贫战略提供新的实证依据。研究发现，即使在村级层面，贫困地区农户收入和支出的不平等状况仍然很严重，收入的基尼系数高达0．44，GE指数为0．34；通过对运用组内组间收入和支出GE指数分解方法发现，村内的不平等程度（贡献率为90％左右）比村间（贡献率为10％左右）的更为严重；通过运用收入来源和支出构成GE指数分解方法发现，农业和非农收入都是西部地区农村入口的主要收入来源（分别占总收入的41．1％和42．3％），但是非农收入却是造成收入不平等的最主要因素（贡献率为68．8％）；通过运用基于回归分析的Shapley值分解方法发现，家庭资产、特别是土地的拥有情况，是造成收入不平等的主要因素。文章最后根据研究结果，针对西部农村地区土地政策、社会保障体系、扶贫政策等提出了相应的建议。

英文摘要：

Using a survey of all households in three villages in Guizhou Province, this paper examines the patterns of village inequality and its major correlates. It is found that the income Gini coefficient is as high as 0.44 among households and the GE index is 0.34, indicating that within-village inequality is rather high in this impoverished area. Although both agriculture and non-agricultural activities are both rural people＇s major sources of livelihood, non-agricultural income is more unevenly distributed and accounts for the largest share of overall income inequality. The paper also finds that distribution of assets, particularly landholdings, matters to define overall income inequality.