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中文摘要：
建立全球性跨区域碳市场被认为是全球气候治理的有效方式而一直备受关注.即将在2015年建成的欧盟-澳大利亚链接碳市场将成为国际跨区域碳市场的重要尝试.为分析建立多国参与的国际跨区碳市场的全球减排效果及其对各参与国的能源经济影响,本文采用表达能源经济系统相互关系的全球动态可计算一般均衡模型做出定量研究.模型将全球经济体分为20个经济部门和19个区域,并刻画有17种能源生产技术.同时为模拟全球碳市场政策,模型将碳排放权作为与化石能源消费相绑定的必要投入考虑到经济部门的各个生产与消费环节当中.在外生设置碳排放配额的同时,模型允许碳排放权像商品一样在不同区域与部门之间进行交易.考虑到全球碳市场的进展速度,本文选取2020年为研究时点,分别设计了四种情景（参考情景、独立碳市场情景、欧盟-澳大利亚链接情景以及中国-欧盟-澳大利亚链接情景）来探讨欧盟、中国、澳大利亚三国参与下的全球碳市场及其影响.研究表明,在各国2020年减排目标约束下各国碳市场的排放权价格有较大差别,澳大利亚碳价最高（32美元/t CO2）,欧盟价格稍低（17.5美元/t CO2）,而中国碳价最低（10美元/t CO2）.同时尽管中国的相对减排量（3％）低于欧盟（9％）与澳大利亚（18％）,中国的绝对减排量也远远大于欧盟与澳大利亚两个国家.由于中国相对减排成本较低,中国加入欧盟-澳大利亚链接碳市场将促使国际碳价从22美元/t降至12美元/t,欧盟和澳大利亚分别向中国转移71％和81％的本国减排任务,同时分别获得0.03％和0.06％的福利增加.由于排放约束影响,中国工业部门的能效提升1.4％,煤炭发电量下降3.3％,而清洁能源发电量则上升3.5％.
英文摘要：
The establishment of global multi-regional carbon market is considered as a cost effective approach to facilitate global emission abatement and has been widely concerned.The ongoing planned linkage between the European Union＇s carbon market and a new emissions trading system in Australia in 2015 would be an important attempt to the practice of building up an international carbon market across different regions.To understand the abatement effect of such a global carbon market and to study its energy and economic impact on different market participants,this paper adopts a global dynamic computable general equilibrium model with a detailed representation of the interactions between energy and economic systems.Our model includes 20 economic sectors and 19 regions,and describes in detail 17 energy technologies.Bundled with fossil fuel consumptions,the emission permits are considered as an essential input in each of the production and consumption activities in the economic system to simulate global carbon market policies.Carbon emission permits are endogenously set in the model,and can be traded between sectors and regions.Considering the current development of global carbon market,this study takes 2020 as the study period.Four scenarios （reference scenario,independent carbon market scenario,EU-Australia scenario,and China-EU-Australia scenario） are designed to evaluate the impact of the global carbon market involving China,the EU,and Australia.We find that the carbon price of the three countries vary a lot,from 32 ＄ /t CO2 in Australia,to 17.5 ＄/t CO2 in the EU,and to 10 ＄/t CO2 in China.Though the relative emission reduction （3％） of China is lower than that of the EU （9％） and Australia （18％）,the absolute emission reduction of China is far greater than that of the EU and Australia.When China is included in the carbon market which already includes the EU and Australia,the prevailing global carbon price falls from 22 ＄/t CO2 to 12 ＄/t CO2,due to the relatively lower abatement cost in Ch
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