中文摘要：

在解析虚拟水、水足迹等概念内涵的基础上,系统地梳理了产品虚拟水核算、区域虚拟水贸易评估、虚拟水变化机制3 个领域的研究进展.产品虚拟水核算中重点分析了中间产品和最终产品虚拟水计算方法,并对国家、行政区及流域尺度的虚拟水核算案例进行了简要分析;区域虚拟水贸易评估中分析了自上而下和自下而上两类方法的使用情况;虚拟水变化机制分析中综述了结构分解分析等多种驱动力分析方法.在总结研究进展基础上,讨论了目前研究中值得进一步深入探索与完善的问题,展望了虚拟水未来的重点研究方向,包括虚拟水核算模型精度改进、价格杠杆对虚拟水的影响、虚拟水水量与水质联合评价体系以及虚拟水战略实践与优化方案改进等.

英文摘要：

Based on analysis of the concept of virtual water and the water footprint, this paper systematically reviews the latest achievements in the three fields of calculation of virtual water of product, regional virtual water trade assessment, and the changing mechanisms of virtual water. In the section on calculation of virtual water of product, the papers electively analyze the virtual water calculation method of the intermediate product and final product, and briefly analyze virtual water calculation cases at national, administrative region, and catchment scales. In the section on regional virtual water trade assessment, the paper analyzes the service condition of two methods, the method moving from top to bottom and the method moving from bottom to top. In the section on the changing mechanisms of virtual water, the paper summarizes several driving force analytical methods, such as structural decomposition analysis. Based on the summary of research advances, the paper discusses problems deserving further exploration and proposes research directions for virtual water in the future, including accuracy improvement of the virtual water calculation model, the effect of price leverage on virtual water, acombined evaluation system for the volume and quality of virtual water, and improvement of the strategy forand optimization of virtual water.