中文摘要：

森林土壤微生物是生态系统中重要的组成部分,其结构与功能对森林生态系统物质循环具有重要的作用。主要阐述了土壤功能微生物在不同森林类型中的差异;介绍了主要功能微生物在森林生态系统中的作用;概述了氨氧化微生物、产甲烷古菌和甲烷氧化细菌、反硝化细菌和真菌等主要功能微生物的相关研究进展;分析了森林植被类型和土壤理化性质对森林生态系统中微生物影响的研究成果。提出了森林功能微生物研究的发展方向。

英文摘要：

Forest soil microorganism is an important part of ecosystem and its structure and function play an important role on material cycle. In this paper, we introduced the variation of main functional microbial community structure diversity in different forest types, and the roles of functional microorganism in forest ecosystem; summarized the research progress on the main functional microorganisms such as ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms, methanogenic archaea, methane-oxidizing bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and fungi;and analyzed the influences of forest vegetations and soil physical and chemical characteristics on forest functional microorganisms. In conclusion, we suggested the research development directions for forest functional microorganism.