中文摘要：

河流生态系统经过漫长的进化形成了对天然径流情势的良好适应性,水库调度改变了天然径流情势,可能给河流生态系统造成不利影响。本研究基于径流情势分析方法,探讨了小湾电站和糯扎渡电站联合发电调度对澜沧江径流情势、生态系统的影响。研究发现发电调度导致汛期径流减少,非汛期径流增加,低流量水文事件、高流量水文事件的发生频率和发生时间均发生较大的变化。径流情势的变化可能干扰本地水生动物生命周期、不利于其产卵和觅食等,影响水生植物和滨岸植物生长,并有可能导致外来物种入侵等。为了缓解发电调度的不利影响,水库调度需要牺牲部分经济效益,进行生态调度。

英文摘要：

Over the aeons of evolution a river ecosystem has adapted to natural flow regime. Reservoir operation causes changes in flow regime and possibly an adverse affect on river ecosystem. This paper presents an analysis on the effects of the Xiaowan dam and Nuozhadu dam on natural flow regime and ecosystem based on an analytical method. The results show that power generation dispatching will reduce runoff in flood season, increase runoff in non-flood season, and change the occurrence frequency and duration of hydrological events at both low and high flows. Changes in flow regime may disturb the life cycle of local aquatic animals, affect the growth of aquatic plants and coastal plants, and lead to an invasion of alien species. To alleviate its adverse effects, reservoirs operation should consider economic targets and ecological targets at the same time.