中文摘要：

与跨越江河湖海的其他交通方式相比,水下隧道有其独有的优势,因此近些年来在国内外发展迅速。然而与一般的山岭隧道不同,水下隧道又有其自身的特点和难点。在深入比较分析水下隧道相比桥梁方案的巨大优势后,论述国内外水下隧道的发展现状;详细阐述钻爆法、盾构法、沉管法及悬浮隧道等水下隧道修建方式的特点、技术难点、适用条件以及应注意的相关问题,并比较这几种修建方法的优缺点;总结分析水下隧道设计、施工的重难点及其关键技术;基于上述施工要点,深入讨论台湾海峡海底铁路隧道的建设方案,阐述了台湾海峡海底铁路隧道的合理性、断面设计和施工要点。最后,提出修建水下隧道等大型地下工程的新理念,并概括其重大关键技术。这些技术要点和建议对中国水下隧道建设特别是大型跨海隧道建设具有一定的指导意义。

英文摘要：

Compared with other means of transportations, underwater tunnel has its own advantages, so it has been developed quickly at home and abroad in recent years. However, unlike mountain tunnel, underwater tunnel has its own characteristics and technical challenges. After in-depth analysis of the huge advantage of underwater tunnel compared with bridge, the current development stage of underwater tunnel at home and broad is introduced. The construction types of underwater tunnels including drill and blast method, shield method, immerged tube method and submerged floating tunnel are particularly illuminated. The scopes include their characteristics, technical difficulties, application conditions and some related problems and their advantages and disadvantages are also discussed. The difficulties and key technologies in design and construction of underwater tunnel are summarized. Based on above-mentioned construction outlines, the construction scheme of Taiwan Strait subsea railway tunnel is thoroughly discussed, including the rationality of underwater railway tunnel, cross-section design and construction key points. Finally, some new concepts of underground projects construction such as underwater tunnel are put forward： and their key major technologies are summarized. These above-mentioned key technical points and suggestions will provide valuable references to the construction of underwater tunnel, especially for the construction of large subsea tunnel in China.