中文摘要：

目的：探讨人类白细胞抗原HLA-DRB1基因多态性与南疆维吾尔族宫颈癌的关系。方法：采用聚合酶联反应序列特异性寡核苷酸探针（Polymerase chain reactiion sequence-specific olgonucleotide,PCR-SSO）法对200例南疆维吾尔族宫颈癌患者及200例正常妇女宫颈组织中检测HLA-DRBI的等位基因。结果：1）HLA-DRB1^＊。15在宫颈癌组中出现的频率明显高于对照组，并有统计学差异，OR〉1（χ^2=10．890，P=0．001．OR=2．061）2）HLA-DRB1^＊08在宫颈癌组中出现的频率明显低于对照组，并有统计学差异，OR〈1（χ^2=4．061，P=0．044，OR=0．463）。3）HLA-DRB1的其他等位基因在宫颈癌组及对照组中出现的频率无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论：HLA-DRB1^＊15可能与维吾尔族妇女对宫颈癌的遗传易感性有关，是维吾尔族妇女对宫颈癌的易感基因；可能是维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌患病率高的原因之一而HLA-DRB1^＊08可能为维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌的保护基因，维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌易感基因及保护基因的检测可能在高危人群的检测及群体遗传干预工作中有一定的指导意义。

英文摘要：

Objective： To investigate the relationship between polymorphisms in the HLA-DRB1 gene and the susceptibility to cervical carcinoma in Uighur women. Methods： HLA-DRB1 alleles were detected in 200 cervical cancer patients and 200 normal controls with polymerase chain reaction followed by sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization （PCR-SSO）. Results： The frequency of HLA-DRB1^＊15 in cervical cancer was significantly higher than that in the control group （χ^2=10.890, P=-0.001, OR=2.061）, while the frequency of HLA-DRB1^＊08 in cervical cancer was significantly lower than that in the control group （χ^2=4.061, P=-0.044, OR=0.463）. No statistical significance in the frequency of other HLA alleles was found between the cervical cancer group and the control group. Conclusion： HLA-DR2 （15） may play an important role in the susceptibility to cervical cancer and may provide an explanation for the high incidence of cervical cancer in Xinjiang Uighur women. The HLA-DRB1^＊08 allele may provide some protection from cervical cancer. Detecting these susceptibility and protective genes in high risk populations is essential so that subsequent genetic tests and early treatment can be provided.