中文摘要：

生物表面活性剂是具有典型的两性基团的微生物代谢产物，具有显著降低表面张力、较低的临界胶束浓度、对温度、pH和盐度不敏感、低毒性等优点，在石油、食品、化妆品及医药等领域都有广泛应用。通过分析近几年我国常用的几种物理诱变育种技术在产表活性剂菌种改良中的应用情况发现：微生物诱变育种常用的物理因素主要是各类辐射，目前应用较多的是紫外线、γ射线、低能离子束等，空间诱变育种、激光和微波辐射等物理诱变手段暂未见报道。还对多种因素的复合诱变育种研究进展进行了阐述，提出综合运用多种技术、确定合适的评价和筛选方法以及重视表面活性剂品质等设想。

英文摘要：

Biosurfactants are microbial metabolites with the typical amphiphilic structure of a surfactant. Due to their many advantages, such as notably lowering the surface tension, lower critical micelle concentration, low sensitivity to temperature, pH value and salinity and low toxicity, biosurfactants have been widely used in petroleum, food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The paper analyzes the research advance on application of physical mutagenic technology in genetic improvement of biosurfactant producing strains. The physical mutagenic resources are mostly various radiations, including ultraviolet ray, gamma ray and low energy ion beam. Nevertheless, some novel mutation techniques including space mutation breeding, laser and microwave were not reported. The existing problems and future prospects were also generalized, and some research ideas are put forward in the paper, such as the comprehensive application of various technologies, determination of suitable evaluation and screening and paying great attention to the quality improvement of biosurfactants.