中文摘要：

随着各国对核武器研发力度的逐渐增强，以及中子在经济生产领域中应用的推广，中子辐射致伤事件时有发生。中子射线作为一种高传能线密度（LET）射线，具有伤亡率高、症状严重、愈后差的特点，故相比于低LET射线产生的损伤，其防护和治疗更加困难。本文主要介绍近年来中子辐射的效应、内在损伤机制和临床防护措施等方面的研究进展，为制订合理高效的防治方案提供理论指导。

英文摘要：

With the strengthening of nuclear weapon development and the expanding of neutron application in economic area, the injury accidents of neutron radiation are happening from time to time. Neutron exposure, with high linear energy transfer, has high casualty rate, severe symptom and poor prognosis. In comparison with low-LET radiation damage, neutron irradiation induced injuries are more difficult to rescue. This review focused on the recent research progresses of radiation effects, intrinsic mechanisms and clinical prevention measures of neutron radiation, and to provide a theoretical clue for establishing an effective prevention protocol of neutron radiation damage.