中文摘要：

为了解当前芝麻湿害和旱害的发生情况,对芝麻主产区20个县（市或区）进行了连续3年的调查和分析。结果表明,中国芝麻生产中湿害与旱害共存,以湿害为主,旱害发生相对较少。2008—2010年,20个代表县（市或区）芝麻湿害发生总面积分别占其总种植面积的39.6%、23.3%和15.4%,分别造成单产减产27.5%、19.0%和21.5%;旱害发生总面积分别占其总种植面积的1.1%、5.8%和4.2%,分别造成单产减产22.5%、36.3%和24.6%。初花期、盛花期和灌浆期是芝麻湿害的多发期。对湿害的防控措施仍以栽培管理为主,缺乏高耐湿品种和有效的化学防控方法。

英文摘要：

Waterlogging and drought effect on the sesame production were studied by invested 20 counties or cities in China from 2008 to 2010.The results showed waterlogging was the predominant abiotic factors affecting sesame production.From 2008 to 2010,waterlogging stress affected 39.6%,23.3% and 15.4% of the sesame planting area of the 20 locations,and brought 27.5%,19.0% and 21.5% loss in average yield respectively;furthermore,there 1.1%,5.8% and 4.2% sesame planting area were affected by drought with the average yield reduced 22.5%,36.3% and 24.6% respectively.The results also revealed more waterlogging incidences happened in initial bloom,full-bloom and filling stages,and it was still lack of effective methods to control sesame waterlogging.