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中文摘要：
海洋生态系统是地球生物圈的重要组成部分。目前，人类活动已经严重破坏了海洋生态系统，导致了海洋生态系统的失衡。赤潮的发生正是这种不平衡的具体体现。文章讨论了人类活动对海洋生态系统的负面影响以及对近海海域赤潮发生的推波助澜作用；主要综述了影响赤潮发生和消亡的生态条件及环境影响因子。最后，强调了学科交叉研究在管理和防范赤潮的发生，维护近海海洋生态系统健康服务功能的必要性，并提出了一些相应的对策和措施。
英文摘要：
Marine ecosystem plays important roles in ecology, but now it has been severely destroyed by human beings. Occurrence of harmful algal blooms （HABs） is an indicator of marine ecosystem imbalance. Human-induced impacts on ocean ecosystem and HABs outbreaks are briefly discussed. Moreover, this review mainly summarizes environmental factors regulating HABs triggering and vanishing processes. Finally, it highlights the need for interdisciplinary research in the management and control of HABs. Corresponding countermeasures have also been suggested.
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