中文摘要：

新一代高通量测序技术的成熟和普及使微生物基因组学获得长足发展，采用全基因组序列分析追踪和溯源临床重要耐药菌院内感染的暴发，已成为近年临床微生物研究领域的热点，并形成了一个新的学科方向——基因组流行病学。在将全基因组序列分析用于临床耐药菌流行溯源时，可利用基因组数据的强大分辨率和丰富信息，在进行菌株充分分型的基础上，更精确地判断耐药菌同源性的远近，分辨出不同的进化路线，推断耐药菌在医院环境中的演化过程，这对临床耐药菌院内感染控制工作意义重大。

英文摘要：

The development of next-generation high-throughput sequencing technology promotes the growth of microbial genomics increasingly. Whole-genome sequencing （WGS） has been considered as a promising tool for tracking and tracing transmission pathways in outbreaks caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. This hot spot of clinical microbial research has developed a burgeoning academic field dubbed genomic epidemiology. Based on the powerful discriminatory capability in molecular typing and abundant data from WGS, people could identify the homology of multidrug-resistant bacteria at great length, elucidate their novel transmission route and decipher their evolution process in the hospital environment. They are significant for clinical infections control.