中文摘要：

杂种优势群和杂种优势利用模式可以为植物的杂种优势利用提供重要信息。与玉米相比，水稻杂种优势群的研究相对薄弱。本研究利用72对SSR引物对我国47个杂交籼稻骨干亲本进行了类群划分。共检测出328个等位基因变异，每对引物检测等位基因2～13个，平均4．56个；引物的多态性信息量（P1C）范围为0．120～0．878，平均值为0．567。材料之问的遗传相似系数（GS）范围在0．633～0．928，平均为0．741。用类平均法（un-weighted pair-group method using an arithmetic average）将亲本材料划分为保持系群、温敏核雄性不育系群、恢复系群，其中保持系群和恢复系群又各分为3个亚群，分群结果基本符合系谱信息。并结合杂交水稻生产实践提出了7种杂种优势组合配组模式。分子标记是一种划分杂交籼稻亲本群的有效途径，本研究结果对杂交籼稻的亲本选配具有一定指导意义。

英文摘要：

Heterotic groups and patterns among breeding materials provide fundamental information while utilizing heterosis in plant breeding. However, research on heterotic groups in indica rice is scarce compared with that in maize. Simple sequence repeat （SSR） analysis of the 72 loci covering the entire rice genome was carried out for 47 parental lines normally utilized in making hybrid rice in China in order to study the classification of parental lines. Seventy-two SSR primers having stable amplified profiles detected 328 alleles among the lines tested, and the number of alleles per SSR locus ranged from 2 to 13, with the mean of 4.56. The polymorphism information content （PIC） per SSR locus ranged from 0. 120 to 0. 878 with the mean of 0.567. The genetic similarities among 47 parental lines ranged from 0.633 to 0.928 with the mean of 0.741. The 47 parental lines were classified into three main groups （i.e. maintainer line group, TGMS line group and restorer line group） by un-weighted pair-group method using an arithmetic average （UPGMA） clustering method, which was approximately in agreement with pedigree information. Furthermore, seven patterns of heterotic combinations were recommended according to the grouping and hybrid rice production. SSR analysis is an effective way for heterotic grouping of hybrid parental lines in rice. The results of grouping can be used to choose parents in making hybrid rice.