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非平衡凝固与固态相变中有关形核和长大的竞争研究

ISSN号：1000-0542
期刊名称：《物理学进展》
时间：0
分类：TG111.5[金属学及工艺—物理冶金;金属学及工艺—金属学]
作者机构：[1]凝固技术国家重点实验室,西北工业大学,陕西西安710072
相关基金：The authors are grateful for financial support of China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists （51125002）, Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant no. 51071127）, Free Research Fund of State Key Lab. of Solidication Processing （09-QZ-2008 and 24-TZ-2009）, 111 project （B08040）, Huo Yingdong Yong Teacher Fund （111052）, Fundamental Research Fund of Northwestern Polytechnical University （JC200801, JC201008） and National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program） 2011CB610403

作者：刘峰[1], 王海丰[1], 宋韶杰[1], 张柯[1], 杨根仓[1], 周尧和[1]

关键词：凝固, 固态相变, 形核, 长大, 竞争, Solidification, Solid-state transformation, Nucleation, Growth, Competition

中文摘要：

非平衡凝固和固态相变作为同热力学和动力学紧密相关的复杂理论体系，在物理冶金和凝聚态物理研究领域占据重要的地位。上述非平衡过程包含形核、生长和碰撞三个微观过程，其发生和发展均由一些竞争过程伴随、辅助甚至驱动。正确理解这些竞争过程决定了能否准确描述整个非平衡过程；材料制备中，其力学和物理／化学性能的提高也归根于这些竞争的发生与发展。因此，很有必要对非平衡凝固和固态相变中的竞争现象进行研究。本综述第一部分从形核／生长类相变角度对非平衡凝固和固态相变进行了概述，并强调了伴随其发生的竞争现象。第二部分立足于经典形核理论，对有关形核热力学、动力学以及形核方式的竞争现象进行了描述。第三部分对凝固中有关热扩散和溶质扩散以及固态相变中有关界面控制和扩散控制的生长方式竞争进行了描述。第四部分对本综述进行了总结性分析和概括，并对本领域的未来发展方向进行了预测。

英文摘要：

Non-equilibrium solidification and solid-state phase transformation, as complicated theoretical fields correlated with thermodynamics and kinetics （e.g. transport and interracial behaviour）, belong to the major topics of physical metallurgy and condensed matter physics. Microscopically, the above non- equilibrium processes consist of nucleation, growth and impingement, which are accompanied with, assisted, and even initiated by several competitive processes. Understanding accurately the compet- itive processes is essential for describing precisely the whole non-equilibrium process. Preparation of advanced materials with improved mechanical and physical-chemical properties can be ascribed to occurrence and development of the competitive processes. So it is timely to describe the competi- tions associated with non-equilibrium solidification and solid-state phase transformation. The prelim- inary review in section I, first, gives a concise historical description for non-equilibrium solidification and solid-state phase transformation, and then, highlights several competitions occurring upon nu- cleation/growth phase transformation. Competitions arising from nucleation thermodynamics and kinetics, competitions of nucleation modes, based on the classical nucleation theory, are described in section II. Competitions of thermal diffusion and solutal diffusion for solidification and competitions of interface-controlled and volume diffusion controlled growth modes for solid-state phase transformation, are described in section III. Section IV directions in this field. and concludes this review and gives further