中文摘要：

利用扫描电镜对胫骨的微结构进行观察，结果显示胫骨是一种由羟基磷灰石和胶原蛋白组成的生物层状陶瓷复合材料，其增强相羟基磷灰石在骨中占较大比例，并平行于骨的表面以层状的形式排列。观察也显示这些羟基磷灰石层又是由许多羟基磷灰石片所组成，这些羟基磷灰石片具有长而薄的形状，也以平行的方式整齐排列。基于在胫骨中观察到的羟基磷灰石片的微结构特征，通过微结构模型分析及实验，研究了这种微结构的最大拔出力。结果表明：羟基磷灰石片长而薄的形状以及层状排列方式增加了其最大拔出力，进而提高了骨的断裂韧性。

英文摘要：

The shankbone microstructure was observed by SEM. The result shows that the bone is a kind of natural bioceramic composite consisting of hydroxyapatite and collagen protein. The observation also reveals that the hydroxyapatite is of layered microstructure and composed by hydroxyapatite sheets with long and thin shape and parallel distribution. The maximum pullout force of the layered microstructure of the hydroxyapatite sheets were investigated through its representative model and a comparative experiment. The results show that the long and thin shape as well as the parallel distribution of the hydroxyapatite sheets improves the maximum pullout force of the sheets and the fracture toughness of the bone.