中文摘要：

重金属和持久性有机污染物在自然界中非常稳定，具有难去除性，对人类生命和健康会造成直接或间接的危害。目前，生物吸附剂已成为处理重金属和持久性有机污染物研究的热点和重点。本文根据近年来的研究成果对生物吸附剂进行了系统分类，阐述了生物吸附剂对重金属和持久性有机污染物吸附的细胞外、细胞表面和细胞内吸附机理，以及相关的影响因素。同时，还探讨了其研究现状中所存在的问题和未来的研究方向。

英文摘要：

Heavy metals and permanent organic pollutants （POPs） are quite stable and harmful, which can endanger human＇ s life and health directly or indirectly. Nowadays, biosorbents become the hotspot and keystone of the researches on treating heavy metals and POPs. Based on the recent years＇ research achievements, this paper made a systematic classification of biosorbents, and expatiated on the mechanisms of heavy metals- and POPs adsorption on the outside, surface, and inner cells of the biosorbents, as well as the related affecting factors. Meanwhile, the problems in present researches and future research directions of biosorbents were discussed.