依据宜兴抽水蓄能电站上库主坝主堆石料原型级配,联合采用相似级配和等量替代的级配模拟技术制备大型三轴试样,利用YS–30型应力路径大型试验机开展应力路径条件下堆石料剪切特性大型三轴试验研究。研究结果表明:应力路径与固结应力共同作用,成为影响堆石料剪切特性的主要外部因素。堆石料抗剪强度具有显著的非线性特征,而应力路径对其抗剪强度影响极小。随着σc与k的增加,应力–应变关系由低压应变软化、高压应变硬化型向完全应变硬化型转变;体积应变关系由低压剪胀、高压剪缩型向完全剪缩型转变;随着应力比k的增加,堆石料塑性变形性质逐渐由剪切塑性变形变化为主转变为压缩塑性变形变化为主,破坏形式则由剪切破坏转变为压缩破坏。堆石料剪胀剪缩转化关系由临界应力比kcrit与临界固结应力(σc)crit共同决定。
According to the original gradation of the upstream main rockfill in the Yixing Pumped-storage Power Station,the rockfill samples are conducted with combining the similar gradation and equivalent weight modeling techniques.Some large-scale triaxial tests are performed on the samples with YS–30 large-scale triaxial test machine to investigate their shear behaviors under the different stress paths.It is shown that the stress paths together with the consolidation stress σc are the main external influential factors on the shear behaviors of the rockfill.The shear strength of the rockfill is of high nonlinearity,but the stress path almost does not influence the shear strength.With the increases of σc and the stress ratio k,the relationship of stress and strain changes from strain-softening(when σc is low) and the strain-hardening(when σc is high) to entire strain-hardening,but the relationship of volumetric strain and axial strain changes from the shear dilatancy(when σc is low) and shear shrinkage(when σc is high) to entire shear shrinkage.With the increase of stress ratio k,most of the plastic deformation of the rockfill changes from shear plastic deformation to compression plastic deformation;and the failure mode also changes from shear failure to compression failure.The transformation between shear dilatancy and shear shrinkage depends upon a critical stress ratio kcrit and consolidation stress(σc)crit.