中文摘要：

丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂（Serpin）是一类分子质量在40～50 kD的蛋白酶抑制剂。已知动物、植物、古细菌、细菌、病毒的基因组中都有serpin基因家族存在,Serpin被认为是参与免疫调节和其他生物学通路的重要因子。迄今为止,Serpin家族已发现了1 500余个成员,分为抑制型和非抑制型两大类。其中,抑制型Serpin采用不可逆的自杀性机制抑制靶蛋白酶,而非抑制型Serpin的作用方式多样。Serpin独特的构象变化使其易于发生突变而导致蛋白质的错误折叠、无活性聚合物形成等,且已证实一些Serpin家族成员因构象改变和聚合导致的疾病。家蚕（Bombyx mori）和家蚕微孢子虫（Nosema bombycis）基因组中都存在多拷贝的serpin基因。本文综述Serpin在不同物种中的分布,Serpin的结构、功能、作用机制、与其相关的疾病等,以及家蚕和家蚕微孢子虫的Serpin的研究进展。

英文摘要：

Serine protease inhibitors（ Serpins） constitute a protein superfamily of protease inhibitors with molecular weight ranging from 40 to 50 k D. As is known that serpin genes widely exist in animals,plants,bacteria,archaea and viruses,they are regarded as the key factors functioning in immune regulation and other biological pathways. So far,about 1 500 members of Serpin superfamily have been identified and they were divided into two groups,i. e. the inhibitory Serpins and the non-inhibitory Serpins. Among them,inhibitory Serpins use irreversible suicide mechanism to inhibit target proteases,whereas non-inhibitory Serpins behave various roles through different approaches. For the unique conformational change,mutations of Serpins are likely to cause misfolding,the formation of inactive polymers and so on. Nowadays,some diseases are confirmed to be due to the conformational alteration and polymerization of Serpins. Meanwhile,serpin genes were also found in genomes of Bombyx mori and its pathogen Nosema bombycis. In this review,we summarized the distribution,structure,function,functional mechanism and diseases related to Serpins. The research progresses of Serpins in Bombyx mori and Nosema bombycis were also introduced.