中文摘要：

基于对黑河流域水资源开发利用的演变过程的梳理,根据历史时期不同阶段灌溉农业发展的特征,将该开发过程划分为四个阶段：逐水安居阶段（西汉之前）、初步开发利用阶段（西汉-元代）、迅猛发展期（明清时期）和全面开发利用时期（1949-2000年）。通过对比分析黑河流域农业经济政策的演进、灌渠分布、耕地面积、人口数量、灌溉用水量的变化,表明水资源开发利用具有波动性、层积性发展的特征。最后结合流域水资源管理制度的变迁,指出黑河流域历史时期水资源开发利用存在的问题,并为流域的创新管理和水资源的可持续开发利用提供借鉴意义。

英文摘要：

The evolutionary process of water resources utilization in the Heihe River was related with the rise and fall of irrigation agriculture. We analyzed the data of population,exploitation and utilization of water- land resources,irrigation channels distribution and changes in water resources in the Heihe River Basin,which were collected from the local historical ethnographies and historical geography information. Based on the research result,the evolutional processes of water resources utilization could be divided into four periods in the whole time：（ 1） The natural balance period before the Han Dynasty,when the water was used by ethnic minority;（ 2） From the Western- Han Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty,the irrigation agriculture was developing and the water resources were not the limited factor of economic development;（ 3） With the growth of population and developing water conservancy,its antinomy between people and water was intensified during the Ming and Qing Dynasty;（ 4） From the establishment of the People＇s Republic of China to 2000,the increasing of population quantity and the strengthening of water- land development were the main driving force of water shortage. Water allocation was a focus problem and it influenced the ecological system and led to the sharp conflicts of water dissension. By analyzing the causes of problems existed in the evolutionary process of water resources utilization in the Heihe River,some experiences and lessons provided an innovation ideas to build the scientific management system of water resource development by strengthening the management of watershed scale.