中文摘要：

试验研究了常温下活化剂对黑土磷形态及有效性的影响，结果显示：无外在磷源时，有效磷、Ca8-P和Al-P含量均随培养时间延长而增大，Ca2-P和Fe—P则减小；单施磷情况下，有效磷和Ca2-P含量随培养时间延长而减小，Ca8-P、Al—P和Fe—P增大；活化剂能促进各形态无机磷之间的转化，具有很好的增强土壤磷有效性的能力，活化能力依次为柠檬酸〉腐植酸〉活化剂H2，分别提高土壤Olsen—P含量40．93％、33．06％和23．20％。通过相关分析和回归分析得出，黑土中磷的主要组分是Ca2-P和Al-P，并得出了它们与Olsen—P的回归方程：Y（Olsen—P）-13.322＋0．578X，（Ca2-P）＋0．408X，（Al-P）。以期为人们研究黑土磷提供参考，为今后合理施磷提供依据。

英文摘要：

Effects of phosphorus activator （PA） on different type of phosphorus and their validities in black soil were studied. The results showed that： Without fertilizing phosphates, the amount of Olsen-P, Cas-P and A1-P would increase along with the raise time, while Ca2-P and Fe-P were just opposite. Fertilizing phosphates, except for Cas-P, A1-P and Fe-P, they would decrease. PA which could promote inorganic P from one to another was good at increasing the concentration of Olsen-P in black soil. Three kinds of PA, with the order being citrate 〉 HA 〉H2, enhanced the concentration of Olsen-P to reach 40.93%, 33.06% and 23.20% separately. Related coefficient analysis and regression coefficient analysis were used to discuss the relation between every form inorganic phosphates and available phosphates. Available phosphates with Olsen＇s method mainly were Ca2-P and A1-P, their relativity with Olsen-P was obvious.The equation was established between Olsen-P and another factors that effected mainly on Olsen-P： Y = - 13.322 ＋ 0.578Xi（Ca2-P） ＋ 0.408X3（A1-P）.