中文摘要：

利用探空资料和地面观测资料,对1959—2008年发生在江西的典型冻雨天气过程的大气垂直结构进行了分析。结果表明：冻雨的形成与大气饱和层、冰晶层、暖层、逆温层、冷层及特征物理量等因素的关系密切。对流层中下层的大气呈饱和或准饱和的逆温状态,饱和层顶位于暖层之上是冻雨发生的主要层结特征。冰晶层底部的平均高度为675hPa,平均厚度为2309m;暖层底部的平均高度为834hPa,平均温度为4.1℃,平均厚度为1765m;逆温层的平均温差为7.5℃;冷层的平均厚度为1668m,平均最低温度为-3.9℃;平均地面最低温度为-1.2℃;冻雨发生时大气整层比湿积分指数须增大为1000以上,干暖盖强度指数须降到-5℃以下。

英文摘要：

The atmospheric vertical structures of typical freezing rain weather processes occurred in Jiangxi during 1959—2008 are analyzed.The results show that the formation of freezing rain is closely related to the atmospheric saturated layer,ice layer,warm layer,inversion layer,cold layer and the characteristic physical quantities.The main stratification structures for freezing rain occurrence are that the atmosphere at mid-lower troposphere is saturated or quasi-saturated,and the top of saturated layer lies above the warm layer.For the ice layer,the average thickness is 2 309 m,the average height of bottom is 675 hPa.For warm layer,the average temperature is 4.1 ℃,the average thickness is 1 765 m,and average height of bottom is 834 hPa.For the inversion layer,the average temperature difference is 7.5 ℃.The average thickness of cold layer is 1 668 m,with the average minimum temperature being-3.9 ℃.And the surface mean minimum temperature is-1.2 ℃.Freezing rain occurs when index of the specific humidity of whole atmosphere layer integration increases to more than 1 000 and the dry warm-lid strength index decreases below-5 ℃.