中文摘要：

单位制是计划经济时期，在特殊的时代背景和社会经济条件下，国家在城市构建中通过管理和控制人力及物质资源以实现共产主义和国家现代化为目标的基本工具，经历了形成、发展、成熟和转型的历史过程。单位制研究走过了30余年的历程，成果丰硕，但相对制度性研究，空间性和社会性研究还比较薄弱，实践性研究更加匮乏。提出将单位制研究置于人类社会历史的长时段背景中，从单位化、去单位化和新单位主义三个阶段和单位的制度性、空间性、社会性和实践性四个视角展开。三个阶段分别对应计划经济时期、改革开放的30年和今后和谐社会建设时期。制度性研究包括制度思想、构建逻辑和制度体系三个方面；空间性包括第一空间、第二空间和第三空间；社会性包括社会结构、社区发展和个体历程；实践性包括社会重建、旧单位改造和新单位规划。

英文摘要：

Danwei system is the basic tool constructed by the nation in urban China to achieve communism and national modernization through the control of human and material resources during the period of planned economy, in the special times background and under special social and economic conditions. Dan-wei system has experienced historical process of formation, development and transition. Danwei system study has a history of more than 30 years, with a lot of achievements. Compared with institutional study, spa-tiality and sociality studies are weak, and practicality study is still in great need. It is proposed to put Danwei system study in the background of human society, and carry out the study from three stages of Danweiliza-tion, Dedanweilization and Newdanweism and four perspectives of institution, spatiality, sociality and practi-cality. The three stages refer to the planned economy period, the period of reform and opening up and the pe- riod of harmonious society construction respectively. Institutional study includes institutional thoughts, con-struction logic and institution system. Institutional thoughts, the knowledge according to which to construct the institution, are the core; the construction logic explains how the knowledge decides the formation of the institution system; the institution system shows the content of the system. Sociality study includes social structure, community development and individual course. Social structure studies explain the relationship be-tween social structure and Danwei system and its changesThe framework in this paper can not only help to understand the frame of urban China in the first 30 years after the foundation of PRC and the transition in the second 30 years, but also help to find out those positive thoughts and ideas and put them into the practice of harmonious society construction.