中文摘要：

作者综述了2008—2009年间在ADSA-ASAS年会和CNKI、PubMed等数据库中与瘤胃微生物分子多态性和元基因组学相关的42篇文献。在瘤胃微生物多样性方面，研究方法不断优化及研究者将研究对象扩大到小品种反刍动物瘤胃微生物，不仅大大丰富了瘤胃微生物多样性数据库，而且表明瘤胃微生物群落组成受到宿主遗传背景、生长发育阶段和健康状态的影响，并且随日粮、季节等环境条件的变化呈现动态变化的特点。在瘤胃微生物的功能方面，主要围绕瘤胃中复杂碳水化合物降解、甲烷代谢及不饱和脂肪酸氢化3个主题，从微生物生理学、基因组学和元基因组学的角度阐述了2009年度的主要进展。尽管瘤胃微生物多样性和功能的相关研究积累了大量研究数据，但瘤胃微生物群落中影响宿主代谢和生产性能的关键功能菌的鉴定、分离、作用模式及其利用等问题仍然悬而未决。综合利用分子生态学、元基因组学和代谢组学等方法，研究瘤胃微生物群落与反刍动物的交互作用，可能成为揭示瘤胃微生物群落与反刍动物生产性能的关系、充分利用瘤胃微生物群落资源的新突破口。

英文摘要：

Continuous improvement in both culture dependent and-independent tools of microbial diversity analysis and extending of animal species into minor ruminant not only add tremendous information into the public database of rumen microbial diversity, but also reveal that the structure of rumen microflora is affected by host genotype, growth development and health conditions and demonstrate a dynamic character with ratio regime and season. In the functional point, fiber degradation, methanogenesis and biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acid and related microbial issues were highlighted from physiological, genomie or metagenomic point of view. Although much progress has been made in 2009, how certain keystone members of the microbiota operate to maintain the stability and functional adaptability of this microbial organ still need to be answered which necessitate the combination of high throughput methods and multivariable analysis.