中文摘要：

基于射线模型给出了质点水平振速、垂直振速及复声强的表达式。结合深海直达波区的声线到达结构，分析了大深度接收时深海直达波区复声强的特点，理论分析与仿真结果表明，利用声场中不同组声线的复声强可以估计声线到达接收点的掠射角。根据在2014年进行的一次深海实验中布放在3146 m深处的矢量水听器获取的实验信号，利用直达波和海面反射波的复声强估计了直达声线与海面反射声线到达接收矢量水听器处的掠射角，结果表明，估计的声线到达角与理论计算结果基本一致。

英文摘要：

In the direct-arrival zone in deep water, the sound ray arrival angle is one of the most important properties of the sound field. However, it is complicated to estimate the arrival angle only by using the information about the sound pressure. Vector sensors have significant advantages in direction-of-arrival estimation, and the acoustic energy flux detection is one of the most important estimation methods. In this paper, the properties of complex acoustic intensity in the direct-arrival zone in deep water are analyzed, and the arrival angles of sound rays are estimated with the complex acoustic intensity extracted from the experimental data. Firstly, the expressions of horizontal particle velocity, vertical particle velocity and complex sound intensity are provided based on the ray theory. It is shown that the amplitudes of the horizontal and vertical particle velocities and the components of the complex sound intensity are closely related to the sound ray arrival angle. The larger the sound ray arrival angle, the greater the vertical particle velocity and the vertical component of the complex sound intensity are, but the weaker the horizontal particle velocity and the horizontal component of the complex sound intensity are. Secondly, for the direct-arrival zone of the sound field generated by a shallow source in deep water, the properties of the complex sound intensity with deep receiver are analyzed based on the sound ray arrival structure. The theoretical and simulation results show that the arrival angles of the sound rays can be estimated with the complex sound intensities of pulses received by a deep receiver. The mean arrival angles of the direct ray and the surface-reflected ray can be estimated with the complex sound intensities of the pulses of the direct-arrival wave and the surface-reflected wave. The mean arrival angles of the bottom-reflected ray and the surface-reflected-bottom-reflected ray can be estimated with the complex sound intensities of the pulses of the bottom-reflected wave and the surfa