中文摘要：

目的近年来我国载人航天事业发展迅速,载人航天飞行实践次数逐渐增加,极大地推动了航天医学的发展。失重是航天员飞行过程中无法摆脱的不利因素,可以引起机体广泛的生理变化,如体液头向分布、血容量变化、胃肠道功能紊乱等,这些改变或可引起药物在机体内的药物动力学变化,进而影响药物的疗效或产生毒性。目前美国航天局的航天用药仍以地面用药规律为指导,这或会导致航天员用药不安全问题。国内外微重力条件下药动学的研究较为少见,且由于实际飞行次数的限制,相关研究大多通过地面模拟实验来实现。方法结合国内外失重药物动力学的研究进展以及本课题组的相关研究,围绕吸收、分布、代谢、排泄四个过程进行综述。结果与结论总结了失重条件下药动学过程的改变规律,以期为载人航天中的药物应用提供更多基础知识和实验数据。

英文摘要：

Objective With the great progress of China space program in recent years, the opportunity of practicing manned space flight was increased gradually, which significantly promoted the development of space medicine. Weightlessness is an inextricable disadvantage during the space flight, which can induce extensively physiological changes in human body, such as body fluid shift, blood volume changes, and functional disturbances of gastrointestinal tract. These changes may affect pharmacokinetics and lead to changes in efficacy or toxicity of medicine. Currently, NASA still adopts the rules of terrestrial medical practices to guide astronauts＇ medication, which may cause serious adverse effects to astronauts. Few report on pharmacokinetic studies under wightlessness condition are available and most of relevant researches were carded out under simulated models because of the limited chances of space flight. Methods Pharmacokinetic studies about absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion under weightlessness were reviewed. Results and Conclusions The review that summaried the pharmacokinetic change under weightlessness could provide more basic research data for drug administered in manned space flight.