中文摘要：

器官移植是治疗终末期器官衰竭的主要手段,但移植患者需终身服用免疫抑制剂,虽可有效抑制急慢性免疫排斥的发生,但仍存在严重并发症的可能。近年来研究发现,天然免疫系统在器官移植的排斥反应中发挥着重要作用。天然免疫识别由许多不同蛋白质家族的受体启动,其中最主要的是Toll样蛋白受体（TLRs）。TLRs是一组具有重要免疫活性的跨膜蛋白,其可诱导免疫耐受,也可激活特异性免疫系统,在器官移植的不同时期都可能发挥重要作用。

英文摘要：

Organ transplantation is the main method to treat end-stage organ failure. The patients need to take immune inhibitors for life,although this method could effectively control the occurrence of acute and chronic immunological rejection,the possibility of serious complication still exits. Researches in recent years show that the innate immune system plays an important role in the rejection of transplanted organs. The innate immunological recognition is triggered by different kinds of protein families＇ receptor,and the Toll-like receptors（ TLRs） family is among the most important one. TLRs are a group of transmembrane proteins which can induce immune tolerance and activate the specific immune system,and may play an important role in different periods of organ transplantation.