中文摘要：

运用表面热力学方法和扩展的DLVO理论，对两种典型土壤细菌恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonas putida）和枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）在代表性土壤黏粒矿物高岭石和蒙脱石表面的吸附进行了分析，获得了黏粒矿物与细菌作用的疏水自由能变（△G^H）和静电力自由能变（△G^EL）及总自由能变（△G）。发现疏水自由能为负，显示疏水作用为引力，有利于细菌在黏粒矿物表面的吸附；而静电力自由能为正，表明细菌-矿物问存在静电斥力。疏水自由能显著大于静电力自由能，表明疏水作用在黏粒矿物对细菌吸附时的贡献大于静电力。两种细菌与两种矿物间的总吸附自由能为负值，意味着细菌在矿物表面的吸附是热力学自发过程。高岭石对细菌的吸附自由能大于蒙脱石对细菌的吸附自由能，表明细菌与高岭石间的亲和力较高，吸附更容易发生，这与化学吸附及滴定量热结果一致。表面热力学方法和XDLVO理论在预测细菌-矿物相互作用中有重要意义，但该方法未考虑多种非DLVO效应，如细胞表面多聚物、细菌鞭毛等在吸附反应中的作用，因此还存在一定的局限性，在揭示细菌-矿物相互作用的热力学机理方面还需与其他研究技术结合。

英文摘要：

Based on surface thermodynamics and XDLVO theory, free energy changes induced by hydrophobic interactions （△G^H） , free energy changes originated from electrostatic force （△G^EL） and the total free energy changes in the adsorption of P. putida and B. subtilis on kaolinite and montmorillonite were obtained. The negative values of △G^H and the positive values of △G^EL suggested that the hydrophobic force favors, and the electrostatic force unfavors the bacterial adsorption on kaolinite and montmorillonite. The absolute values of AGn were much larger than those of △G^E , indicating that hydrophobic interactions play a role more important than electrostatic force does in bacterial adsorption. The negative total free energy changes （△G） suggested that the sorption of bacteria on clay minerals is a thermodynamically spontaneous process. Greater △G values for bacterial adsorption on kaolinite than on montmorillonite indicated higher affinity of the bacteria for kaolinite than for montmorillonite.