中文摘要：

介绍了膨胀型阻燃剂（IFR）的组成及阻燃机理，综述了用于膨胀体系的成炭剂的研究进展，包括传统成炭剂、新型三嗪成炭剂等在聚合物膨胀阻燃中达到的阻燃效果，指出了三嗪成炭剂存在的缺点，并对三嗪成炭剂未来的发展趋势进行展望。

英文摘要：

Composition and flame retardant mechanism of intumescent flame retardants （IFRs） were introduced in this paper. The research progress of the charring agents was reviewed. The flame retardancy of pentaerythrotol, triazine and other charring agents was summarized. The challenges of triazine charring agents and development directions in the future were also analyzed.