中文摘要：

在常温或深海低温条件下,含蜡原油与水形成的W/O型乳状液易发生胶凝,容易对管道再启动安全性造成威胁。基于含蜡原油乳状液凝胶复杂的流变行为,分别探讨黏塑性和黏弹性两类含蜡原油触变模型对其乳状液凝胶的适用性。通过对比目前常用于含蜡原油的4种黏塑性触变模型,以及近期发展的黏弹性触变模型,筛选出能够准确描述乳状液凝胶加载后整个流变响应过程的模型。通过实验数据拟合发现,滕厚兴提出的黏弹性触变模型对包括屈服前蠕变和屈服后裂降的整个过程的描述最准确;在黏塑性触变模型中,滕厚兴提出的黏塑性模型对屈服点后裂降过程的描述结果偏差最小,而传统的Houska黏塑性模型对乳状液凝胶裂降过程的描述效果不佳,主要是由于该模型的速率方程与实际裂降过程不符。由于黏塑性触变模型无法描述屈服点之前的黏弹性响应,因此推荐采用滕厚兴的黏弹性触变模型进行管道再启动计算。

英文摘要：

Under atmospheric temperature or deep sea low temperature, W/O emulsion composed of waxy crude oil and water tends to gelatinize, threatening the restart safety of pipelines. Based on the complex rheological properties of waxy crude oil emulsion gel, two kinds of thixotropic models proposed for waxy crude oil （i.e., the viscoplastic thixotropy model and the viscoelastic thixotropy model） were investigated in terms of their applieability to the emulsion gels. The rheological model that could accurately describe the whole rheological response process after the adding of emulsion gel was selected by comparing four viscoplasticity models which are commonly used for waxy crude oil and the viscoelasticity models which are developed recently. The experimental data fitting results show that the viscoelasticity model developed by Teng Houxing provides the most accurate description on the whole rheological response, including the creep before the yielding and the breakdown after the yielding. Among all viscoplastic thixotropy models, the one developed by Teng Houxing is the least deviated in the description of breakdown process after the yielding point, while the traditional Houska model can not describe the breakdown process of emulsion gel properly mainly because its rate equation can not reflect the actual breakdown process accurately. To sum up, the viscoplastie thixotropy models can not describe the viscoelastic response before the yielding point, so it is recommended to adopt the viscoelastic thixotropy model developed by Teng to perform pipeline restart calculation. （6 Figures, 7 Tables, 49 References）