中文摘要：

戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）以肝脏为主要靶器官,人感染后表现典型的病毒性肝炎,多呈急性经过。肝脏移植患者、混合感染HIV者及接受化疗的血液病患者可引起慢性感染,迅速导致肝硬化。戊型肝炎的症状及病变与基因型有密切相关。HEV含3个开放阅读框架（ORF）,ORF2编码病毒衣壳蛋白,包裹病毒基因组形成新的病毒粒子,ORF3编码的蛋白可辅助转运新病毒粒子至宿主细胞膜。HEV感染可引起机体的有效免疫应答,自然杀伤细胞（NK）和T细胞介导HEV感染免疫应答中起关键作用。妊娠期间免疫系统的功能和性激素水平的波动,直接影响到孕妇体内的HEV复制,加剧了急性肝衰竭发生的频率。

英文摘要：

Liver is the main target organ of Hepatitis E virus （HEV）, with the typical acute viral hepatitis in human cases . Majority of chronic HEV cases are diagnosed in liver transplant recipients, co-infection pa- tients of HEV with HIV, and in hematological patients treated with anticancer chemotherapy,chronic infection usually could rapidly result in cirrhosis. Symptoms of hepatitis E are closely related to genotype of HEV. FIEV contains three open reading frame （ORF）, the {AKVX capslct protein pac~agc~ tLlc st ral RNA and assembles new virions,while ORF3 protein facilitates the trafficking of the virion to host cell membrane. HEV infections usually activate an effective immune response, natural killer （NK） cell and T- cell-mediated immune response of I-{EV infection play a key role. The mediating shifts in the immune sys- tem,pregnancy-associated hormones during pregnancy may directly influence viral replication in pregnant women and contribute to a high incidence of acute liver failure.