中文摘要：

以四倍体栽培种花生仲恺花4号为母本、二倍体野生种花生Arachis chacoensis为父本,对其种间杂种F1及人工加倍获得的异源六倍体S0及自交世代（S1～S3）植株的植物学性状和花粉育性进行观察,采用SSR标记研究各世代的基因组变化情况.结果显示随着自交的进行,F1～S3植株的总分枝数、第一对侧枝长和花旗瓣宽变异系数分别达到48.48％、34.56％和13.74％,表现出明显的不稳定性;F1～S3的花粉萌发率分别为0、11.03％、10.58％、16.44％和18.53％,花粉育性随着世代的增加逐渐增强;扩增出的微卫星条带在F1开始发生变化,主要包括为亲本片段的丢失、跳跃式继承和新片段的产生,随着世代的增加表现出稳定的趋势,表明微卫星及侧翼区域变化剧烈而快速,其生物学功能可能与多倍体进化过程有关.

英文摘要：

Interspecific hybridization between a tetraploid cultivated peanut Zhongkaihua No.4 as female and one wild peanut species A.chacoensis as male was used to study the botanical characteristics and pollen fertility of their F1,synthetic allohexaploid S0 and selfing generations （S1 ～ S3）,and their genome changes were studied by SSR markers.The variation coefficients of total number of branches,No.1 lateral branches and corolla width of F1 ～ S3 were 48.48％,34.56％ and 13.74％ respectively.The result showed instability in early generations.Furthermore,the pollen germinated capability of F1 ～ S3 was 0,11.03％,10.58％,16.44％ and 18.53％ respectively,which demonstrated that fertility increased with the self-cross course.The amplified microsatellite bands began to alter as early as in F1 generation and the changes included the loss of parental fragments,simultaneous appearance of parental bands and appearance of novel fragments.The microsatellites and their flanking areas demonstrated drastic and rapid variations,which suggested their biological function could be related to polyploidy evolution.