中文摘要：

首先讲述岩体结构与稳定的意义,其次叙述结构的稳定及求取极限荷载的方法,进而论述岩土稳定的基本问题、岩土材料本构关系及结构的正定问题。结合岩土结构稳定的有限元方法、非线性稳定分析的能量判据、有限元分析多余力加固方法以及结构稳定势能原理等,认为对复杂结构至今缺乏理论解及数值方面的精确解。给出结构的极限荷载求法,并区别结构失稳和材料失稳的不同;应用有限元法求解结构的极限荷载时,指出一般结构的极限荷载可以求得＂上下限＂的解析算法,但是对于复杂结构,特别是高拱坝结构,对其求得极限荷载则有待于采用非线性有限元法进一步求解。据此,着重介绍有限元求解结构稳定的方法,阐述结构稳定的能量原理;结合水利高坝工程,将这些理论与实际工程相结合,表明其工程应用的合理性。综述地质力学模型试验结果,并将试验超载极限稳定系数和计算结果加以对比分析,使之在实际工程中得到验证,并将其引入相关设计规范。研究结果表明,经使用上述方法进行工程计算并结合试验论证,中国高坝工程的安全稳定已得到初步验证。

英文摘要：

Firstly,the significances of rock structure and stability are introduced.Then,the methods to calculate limit bearing capacity for structure stability are presented.Finally,the basic problems on geotechnical stability,the constitutive relations and their positive-definition relations are studied.So far,the finite element method（FEM） for geotechnical structure stability could not obtain its exact solutions.However,by means of energy criteria,surplus-force reinforcement method and potential energy criteria,the solutions for engineering stability can be reasonably achieved.The following items could be preceded by FEM：limit load analysis in terms of structure failure and material failure,limit analysis of upper bound load and lower bound load of structures,nonlinear analysis of structure behaviors.The FEM is emphasized on how to solve structure stability problems for engineering projects,and on how to use energy criteria to problems of stability study for large-scale dam projects,and they could be optimized,through the context,from theory to practice.The real engineering problems are illustrated that are encountered in dam constructions during the last 40 years,and factors of safety gained from geomechanical rupture tests and rupture processes are submitted.With the corresponding achieved numerical analytical results,their factors of safety are reasonably cited in related codes or specifications.The results from these studies show that the large-scale dams in China have undergone the above-mentioned simulations,and their results are primarily verified with practical cases.Almost all of the dams are now under control and they are safe and stable.