中文摘要：

过去30年里，全球气候变化的研究取得了世界瞩目的成就。这一研究领域中每次重要的进展，都伴随着资料获取新技术的发展和研究方法的创新。有鉴于此，主要对近30年来气候研究中不同时期（包括现代器测时期和过去气候变化代用资料）的资料获取，数据资料中存在问题的甄别和处理，气候序列的重建及其他相关气候研究领域中研究方法的进展做了回顾与综述。其中过去气候变化代用资料包括树木年轮、冰芯、石笋、历史文献、黄土、湖泊沉积和岩芯等。各种代用资料在空间分布、时间分辨率和气候信息含量等方面各有优劣。文中列出了气候研究中不同时期的资料获取与重建方法的进展，其主要体现在利用更为丰富的数据来源，更为有效、更为精确地提取和利用气候代用资料，尽量减少气候重建过程和结果的不确定性。而一定的方法只是适用于一定的介质和一定的时间所反演的资料数据。并认为气候资料的多种获取手段和集成技术与研究方法的创新，将进一步推动气候和气候变化研究的发展。

英文摘要：

In the past 30 years, great progress has been made in the research methods for the past global climate change along with the exploit of new materials. As the good sources of proxy data about climatic change, records about climate in tree rings, stalagmites, lake sediments, ice cores and the historical documents have been collected, distinguished and used by scholars to reconstruct the past climate change such as temperature, precipitation and so on. This paper sums up the research methods of the work in these 30 years and points out: it helps the research methods to go forward, for example, how to get more useful information from high-resolution proxy data more efficiently to reduce the uncertainty in the process and conclusion. Meanwhile, certain kinds of methods can just be applied in certain forms of materials. New data should be exploited and methods of integrative research should be developed to push ahead the research work.