中文摘要：

基于改进的极端相对论量子分子动力学（UrQMD）输运模型，通过细致考察初始化、状态方程及两体碰撞等系统研究了INDRA能区重离子碰撞后出射的自由核子及轻粒子的集体流和核阻止本领等观测量。研究发现，一个采用带动量依赖的软的状态方程及动量修正的密度依赖的核子核子弹性散射截面的动力学输运过程能够很好描述INDRA全能域内实验获得的中心快度区的氢同位素的直接流。利用该套输运系统还研究了直接流平衡能对对称势能密度依赖强度因子的敏感性。发现，出射的自由中子平衡能敏感依赖于对称势能的密度依赖，而自由质子却不会。同时还发现，利用两Sn同位素系列反应出射的自由中子直接流的平衡能与初始中子／质子比的关系可以很好地探测对称能的密度依赖。

英文摘要：

The terms of initialization, equation of state （EoS）, and two-body collision in the updated ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics （UrQMD） model are examined in details so as to systematically study the collective flows and the nuclear stopping of free nucleons and light clusters from heavy-ion collisions at INDRA energies. It is seen that at 1NDRA energies the dynamic transport with a soft EoS with momentum dependence and with the momentum-modified density-dependent nucleon-nucleon elastic cross sections describes the directed flow exhibited by hydrogen isotopes （Z = l） emitted at midrapidity fairly well. The sensitivity of the balance energy （Ebal） of the directed flow to the strength parameter of the density dependence of symmetry potential energy is further studied with the same parameter set. It is found that the Ebal of neutrons from HICs is particularly sensitive to the density dependence of the symmetry potential energy, while that of protons is not. And, the initial neutron/proton ratio dependence of the balance energy of neutrons from Sn isotopes can be taken as a useful probe to constrain the stiffness of the nuclear symmetry energy.