中文摘要：

多孔液体是一类存在永久性孔洞且具有流动性的新型多孔材料，兼具微孔材料和液体的特性，具有重要的理论研究和应用价值。本文介绍了多孔液体的概念，总结了三类多孔液体制备方法，分析了其特点和形成条件。第一类多孔液体是由具有空腔的刚性主体单元形成的纯液体，主要制备方法为将具有孔洞的有机大分子或纳米颗粒进行适当修饰，使其能在常温下以液态形式存在；第二类多孔液体是将具有空腔的刚性主体分子溶解在合适的位阻溶剂中形成永久且空置孔洞，最新合成方法为缩合反应一步法得到主体分子，与较好相溶性溶剂分子互配；第三类多孔液体也是由具有空腔的刚性主体和位阻溶剂组成，配制过程中寻找相匹配的微孔框架、位阻溶剂和分散剂，得到稳定流体相是关键步骤。综述了多孔液体用于二氧化碳气体分离的研究现状，分析了不同种类多孔液体捕集二氧化碳的优缺点和捕集机制。最后对多孔液体合成方法及其在气体分离过程应用进行了展望。

英文摘要：

As one of new porous materials,porous liquids combine the advantages of the microporous solids and liquids with permanent microporosity and fluidity,which have drawn great attention and shown great value in theoretical research and application.In this paper,the concept of porous liquids was introduced,the preparing methods of three type porous liquids were summarized,and their characteristics and synthetic conditions were analyzed.TypeⅠporous liquids were neat liquids consisting of rigid hosts with cavities,obtained by properly modifying large organic molecules or nanoparticles to maintain liquid phases at room temperature.TypeⅡconsisted of rigid molecules with cavities dissolved in solvents which are sterically prevented from entering the host cavity.The novel fabricated method was preparation of cavity hosts by one-pot synthesis to match solvent molecules well.TypeⅢalso consisted of steric solvents and cavity hosts.The key to TypeⅢwas keeping fluid porous phases steady via matching microporous framework materials with steric solvents or dispersing agents well.In addition,the latest research progresses and status on CO2sequestration with porous liquids were reviewed.Advantages,disadvantages and mechanisms of capturing CO2using different types of porous liquids were analyzed.Finally,the outlook of synthetic methods and applications in gas separation based on porous liquids was presented.