中文摘要：

采用密闭室间歇通气法和静态箱法对不同施肥方式（撒施后翻耕、条施后覆土、撒施后灌水）下的土壤氨挥发和氧化亚氮排放进行了研究．结果表明：不同施肥方式显著影响了土壤中的氨挥发和氧化亚氮排放．撒施后灌水处理明显促进了氨挥发，其最大氨挥发速率明显高于其它处理，氨挥发累计达2．465kg N·hm^-2．不同施肥方式下氧化亚氮排放通量存在显著差异（P〈0．05），且峰值出现时间也不同．施肥后第2天，撒施后灌水处理达到峰值，为193．66μg·m^-2·h^-1，而条施后覆土处理在施肥后第5天才出现峰值，为51．13μg·m^-2·h^-1，且其排放峰值在3种施肥方式中最低．撒施后灌水处理的氧化亚氮累积净排放量达121．55gN·hm^-2，显著大于撒施后翻耕和条施后覆土处理．撒施后翻耕和条施后覆土处理能有效抑制氨挥发和氧化亚氮排放损失，是较为合理的施肥方式．

英文摘要：

With enclosed and static chambers, this paper studied the effects of different fertilization modes, i. e. , top-dressing nitrogen （N） fertilizer followed by tillage （SF）, drilling N fertilizer followed by covering soil （TF）, and top-dressing N fertilizer followed by irrigation （SS）, on soil ammonia （NH3 ） volatilization and nitrous oxide （N2O） emission. The results showed that fertilization mode had significant effects on the NH3 volatilization and N20 emission. SS promoted NH3 volatilization obviously, with the maximum NH3 volatilization rate higher than other treatments and the total amount of cumulative NH3 volatilization up to 2. 465 kg N·hm^-2 There were significant differences （P 〈 0. 05 ） in the N2O flux among different treatments, and the peak appeared at different time. The N2O flux in SS got to its peak （193.66 μg·m^-2·h^-1 ） after two days of fertilization, while that in TF got to the peak （51.13 μg·m^-2·h^-1, the lowest among different treatments） after five days of fertilization. The net cumulative N2O emission in SS was 121.55 g N · hm^-2, much higher than that of SF and TF. SF and TF reduced NH3 volatilization and N2O emission markedly, suggesting that both of them could be the rational and practicable N fertilization modes.