中文摘要：

作为桥梁工程重要的减灾措施之一，桥墩基础的局部冲刷防护受到国内外越来越多的关注。按照冲刷防护的机理，可将其分为主动防护和被动防护两大类。系统总结了工程中各类常用冲刷防护方式的特点，主要包括墩前牺牲桩、护圈、抛石、下游石板、桥墩开缝、扩大墩基础以及四面体透水框架群等防护技术措施。重点对比分析了这些方法的防护原理、防护效果及其优缺点。并结合具体工程案例，对其所采用的冲刷防护措施和工程特点进行了简要的评述，分析探讨了进一步科研工作的方向。

英文摘要：

As an important disaster alleviation method in bridge engineering , local scours of bridge pier have attracted widel attention by domestic and overseas researchers .Based on the principle of bridge scour , coun-termeasures for bridge scour were divided into two typical sorts： active countermeasures and passive counter-measures.Most efficacious local scour protections both in laboratories and projects are summarized in this pa -per.Those measures include sacrificial piles , collars, riprap protection, downstream bed sills, slots, founda-tion enlargement , tetrahedron permeable frame protection and some others .The basic principal , advantages and disadvantages of these countermeasures are provided in the present paper .Furthermore , some typical pro-jects are introduced and the countermeasures for bridge piers are also reviewed briefly .The directions of fur-ther research works are also discussed .