中文摘要：

乳腺癌根治术常规进行腋窝淋巴结清扫术,往往给患者造成疼痛、水肿、运动和感觉功能障碍。前哨淋巴结活检（sentinel lymph node biopsy,SLNB）是一种微创的淋巴结活检方法,用前哨淋巴结评估整个腋窝淋巴结转移情况,有针对性的指导清扫腋窝淋巴结,减小清扫范围,减轻患者腋窝淋巴结清扫后遗症,但是前哨淋巴结活检存在一定比例的假阴性结果,影响其在临床的推广,主要原因有：适应证的选择不当、术前化疗影响、对内乳前哨淋巴结忽略、分子病理学方法利用不充分、单用示踪剂等。增强临床医生和病理医生对乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的临床指导作用以及腋窝淋巴结和内乳淋巴结解剖变异的认识,加强SLNB规范操作,借助术中冰冻切片,联合免疫组化,RT-PCR等方法,可降低SLNB假阴性率。

英文摘要：

Conventional axillary lymph node dissection, as a part of radical mastectomy, usually lead to edema,motor and sensory function obstacle. The sentinel lymph node biopsy （SLNB） is a kind of minimally invasive lymph node biopsy method, used as the assessment of the armpit lymph node metastasis, guiding targeted cleaning the axillary lymph nodes. SLNB reduce cleaning scope of axillary lymph node,relieve patients sequela of axillary lymph nodes resection, but SLNB exists a certain proportion of false negative results, which hinder clinical promotion of SLNB, the main reasons are ： improper selection of SLNB indication, preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and omit of internal mammary sentinel lymph node, unavailable of immunohistochemical method, unskilled detection technology, etc. Enhance the knowledge of clinical doctors and pathological doctor about sentinel lymph node biopsy and clinical guidance function of axillary lymph node dissection and internal mammary lymph node anatomical variations of understanding, strengthen SLNB standardized operation, with the aid of intraoperative frozen section, joint immunohistochemical, RT- PCR method, can reduce SLNB false negative rate.