中文摘要：

为了解山东省聊城地区蔬菜大棚土壤理化性质的变化情况,测定了该地区某百棚村不同种植年限（2~14年）蔬菜大棚不同深度（0~20 cm、20~40 cm、40~60 cm和60~80 cm）土壤的pH、总盐分、硝态氮（NO_3~-）、氨氮（NH_4~＋）、碱解态氮（AN）、速效磷（AP）和总磷（TP）的含量,并以大棚外的露天农田土壤作为对照。结果表明,与农田土壤相比,大棚0~20 cm土壤表现出明显的pH值降低和盐渍化趋势,且氮、磷累积显著。随种植年限的增加,大棚土壤pH表现为显著降低,5 a大棚土壤pH平均下降了约0.50个单位,随后波动缓慢上升;总盐分、NO_3~-、NH_4~＋、AN、AP和TP含量均表现为先增加,至一定年限后（≥9 a）又降低的变化趋势。大棚土壤各理化指标随种植年限的变化总体上呈二次或三次方程,NH_4~＋则呈指数方程。各理化指标间相关性显著（P〈0.01）,pH与各理化指标均呈显著负相关,而总盐分、NO_3~-、AN、AP和TP之间呈显著正相关关系,说明大量施肥是导致大棚土壤pH降低、盐分和氮磷养分累积的重要原因。

英文摘要：

In order to understand the changes of soil physicochemical different cultivating years, soil samples at different depths （0 - 20 cm, 20 - properties in vegetable greenhouses with 40 cm, 40 - 60 cm and 60 - 80 cm） were collected in the vegetable greenhouses aged from 2 to 14 years in a village located in the suburb of Liaocheng, Shandong Province. The field soil outside the greenhouses was set as the control sample. The pH values, total salts and nitrate （NO3-）, ammonium （NH4＋）, available nitrogen （AN）, available phosphorus （AP） and total phosphorus （TP） contents in soil samples were determined. The results showed that in comparison with the field soil, greenhouse soil at the 0 - 20 cm layer showed an obvious trend of acidification and salinization as well as significant accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus. The soil pH values significantly descended in greenhouses cultivated for two and five years and then slowly ascended. The average pH value in 0 - 80 cm layer of greenhouse soil cultivated for five years was about 0.50 units lower than that of field soil. With the increase of cultivating years, the contents of total salts, NOr, NH4＋, AN, AP and TP at different depths generally increased. And until a certain cultivating year （ 〉 9 years） they showed decreased trends. The changes of each soil physicochemical index in the different depths with the cultivating years were generally fitted with either the quadratic or cubic equations except that the NH4~ concentrations conformed to the exponential equations. Moreover, the physicochemical indexes were significantly correlated with each other （P 〈 0.01）. Specifically, positive correlations were found among total salts, NO3-, AN, AP and TP, while pH was negatively correlated with them, which suggested that a large amount of fertilizer application was the important reason resulting in the decrease of pH and the accumulation of salts and nutrition in vegetable greenhouse soil.