中文摘要：

因为它的高空间的分辨率，病人的容易的存取和最小的侵略，在有美国对比代理人(UCA ) 的联合的超声(美国) 成像是现代的生物医学的域里的一个强大的工具。基于 microbubble 的 UCA 广泛地在临床的诊断被使用了；然而，他们仅仅被限制到血水池成像并且不对渗透织物的成像适用由于他们的大粒子尺寸和结构的不稳定性。无机的 nanoparticles (NP ) 例如硅石，黄金和 Fe _x 与两个令人满意的 echogenic 性质和结构的稳定性展示的 O _y , 有潜力被用作 UCA 的新一代。在这评论，我们在场在 US 包含成像的地里的无机的 UCA 和他们的生物医学的应用的定制的构造的最近的进步。第一，有包括稳固、空、多重层的表格的不同结构的典型无机的 NP 将包括地以他们的结构设计，物理化学的性质，美国成像机制和多样的应用被介绍；第二，在为美国成像目的探索煤气产生的无机的 NP 系统的最近的进步将被考察，并且这些聪明的 UCA 为同时的美国成像和疾病治疗是多功能的；第三，几个 nanocomposite 平台最新由把无机的 UCA 与另外的功能的部件相结合构造了将被介绍并且讨论。这些多功能的 NP 能够进一步由同时提供更全面的解剖信息提高成像决定。上次然而并非最不，为开发有希望的 UCA 满足两个的设计标准临床的要求和优化美国成像能力将在这评论被讨论并且总结。

英文摘要：

Ultrasound （US） imaging in combination with US contrast agents （UCAs） is a powerful tool in the modern biomedical field because of its high spatial resolution, easy access to patients and minimum invasiveness. The microbubble-based UCAs have been widely used in clinical diagnosis; however, they are only limited to the blood pool imaging and not applicable to the tissue-penetrated imaging due to their large particle size and structural instability. Inorganic nanoparticles （NPs）, such as silica, gold and FexOy, featured with both satisfactory echogenic properties and structural stability have the potential to be used as a new generation of UCAs. In this review, we present the most recent progresses in the tailored construction of inorganic UCAs and their biomedical applications in the US imaging-involved fields. Firstly, the typical inorganic NPs with different structures including solid, hollow and multiple-layer forms will be comprehensively introduced in terms of their structure design, physicochemical property, US imaging mechanism and diverse applications; secondly, the recent progress in exploring the gas-generating inorganic NP system for US imaging purpose will be reviewed, and these intelligent UCAs are multifunctional for simultaneous US imaging and disease therapy; thirdly, several nanocomposite plat- forms newly constructed by combining inorganic UCAs with other functional components will be presented and discussed. These multifunctional NPs are capable of further enhancing the imaging resolution by providing more comprehensive anatomical information simultaneously. Last but not the least, the design criteria for developing promising UCAs to satisfy both clinical demands and optimized US imaging capability will be discussed and summarized in this review.