中文摘要：

逆转座子（retroposon）是动物基因组中一类可移动的元件,它们首先通过转录产生一个RNA拷贝,然后利用逆转录酶将该RNA拷贝逆转录为c DNA后,再插入到基因组的新位点上。逆转座子在动物基因组中含量极为丰富,种类也很繁多,并随着动物进化在基因组中不断扩增。它们可通过形成插入突变、侧翼序列转导、基因逆转座、DNA断裂与修复、异常重组等机制对动物基因组结构的稳定性产生重要影响,并成为推动基因组进化的重要动力。本文综述了灵长目动物主要的逆转座子类型及其对基因组结构的影响方式,从而为深入理解逆转座子在灵长目动物基因组中的功能及灵长目动物的进化提供参考。

英文摘要：

Retroposons are a class of transposable elements in animal genomes. The transcripts of these domains are re- verse transcripted into cDNA, which then inserted into a new genome. The family of retroposons are constantly expanded a- long with primate evolution, making them the most abundant and various elements in primate genomes. They have a consid- erable impact on the stability of primate genome structure by insertion mutation, transduction of flanking sequences, gene retrotransposition, DNA strand break repair and ectopic recombination, etc. , which provide an important force to promote genome evolution of primates. This paper summarized the types of main retroposons and their impacts on primate genome structure, and provided new insight into our understanding on the function of retroposons in primate genome structure and evolution.