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科尔沁沙地南缘地区主要作物耗水规律及水分利用评价

ISSN号：1001-7283
期刊名称：《作物杂志》
时间：0
分类：S791.247[农业科学—林木遗传育种;农业科学—林学]
作者机构：[1]沈阳农业大学,辽宁沈阳110161, [2]辽宁省农业科学院,辽宁沈阳110161, [3]辽宁省旱作节水工程技术研究中心,辽宁沈阳110161
相关基金：“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目（2006BAD29B06 2006BAD29B02）; 辽宁省科技攻关课题（2007212001、2008212002）; 国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费（200803028）

作者：冯良山[1,2,3], 孙占祥[2,3], 曹敏建[1], 郑家明[2,3], 刘洋[2,3], 侯志研[2,3], 杨宁[2,3], 白伟[2,3]

关键词：耗水规律, 水分利用, 主要作物, Water consumption, Water use efficiency, Main crops

中文摘要：

采用FAO-Penman Monteith公式法和水量平衡法对科尔沁沙地南缘地区玉米、花生和谷子等主要作物的耗水规律进行了研究。结果表明,玉米的日需水量、全生育期需水量和土壤水分亏缺量均最大,需水量与降水的吻合程度最差,作物系数平均值较大;谷子的日需水量、土壤水分亏缺量和作物系数平均值较大,由于生育期相对较短,全生育期需水量最少,需水量与降水吻合程度较好;花生的日需水量和土壤水分亏缺量均最小,全生育期需水量较少,需水量与降水吻合程度最好,作物系数平均值较小,作物系数变化较为平稳,生育中前期需水量相对较小。从水分利用效率的角度,区域优先种植的作物应为玉米、谷子、花生。从水分经济效益的角度,区域优先种植的作物顺序为花生、玉米、谷子;优先灌溉的作物顺序为花生、谷子、玉米。

英文摘要：

Water consumption in corn,peanut and foxtail millet was studied through the FAO-Penman Monteith method and the water balance method on the Southern Kerqin sandy land.Among the three crops,the amount of the daily water demand,the water demand during whole growth period and the soil water deficit of corn were all the largest.At the same time,its degree of agreement between the water demand and the level of precipitation was the worst,and its average in crop coefficient wais larger.The amount of the daily water demand,the soil water deficit and its average in crop coefficient of millet were larger.Because of its short growth period,the water demand during whole growth period in foxtail millet was the least,resulting in that its degree of agreement between the water demand and the level of precipitation was better.For peanuts,the amount of the daily water demand,the soil water deficit and its average in crop coefficient were both the least,the water demand during whole growth period was less,and the degree of agreement between the water demand and the level of precipitation was better,average in crop coefficient was less,the change of crop coefficient was relatively steady,and water demand in the early and middle period of crop growth was less.For water use efficiency,the order of the crops of regional priorities should be corn,millet,and peanuts.For economic benefits of water,the order of the crops of regional priorities should be peanuts,corn,and millet.In addition,the order of the crops of priority for irrigation should be peanuts,millet,and corn.

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