中文摘要：

目的分析2010—2012年全国除台湾、港、澳地区外的31个省（自治区、直辖市）活动性肺结核和新涂阳肺结核患者登记率变化情况,为评价全国肺结核患者发现工作质量提供依据。方法利用2010—2012年全国结核病网络专报系统登记报告的活动性肺结核患者数（2 731 008例）和新涂阳肺结核患者数（1 123 236例）,统计分析各年度全国和31个省（自治区、直辖市）活动性肺结核患者登记率和新涂阳肺结核患者登记率占同期活动性肺结核患者登记率的比率,分析2011—2012年31个省（自治区、直辖市）活动性肺结核登记率和新涂阳患者登记率的变化。结果2010年全国新涂阳肺结核患者登记数占活动性肺结核患者登记数的46.2%（429 899/931 465）,2012年占35.4%（316332/894 199）。2010年活动性肺结核患者登记率为69.8/10万,新涂阳肺结核患者登记率为32.2/10万,2012年分别为66.4/10万和23.5/10万。2010—2012年登记的活动性肺结核患者登记数环比统计结果：2011年比2010年降低了3.3%,2012年比2011年降低了1.7%;新涂阳肺结核患者登记数环比统计结果：2011年比2010年降低了12.7%,2012年比2011年降低了16.5%。31个省（自治区、直辖市）2010年新涂阳患者登记数占活动性肺结核患者登记率的范围为26.4%～66.7%,2011年为24.1%～66.3%,2012年为20.7%～63.1%。2012年活动性肺结核登记率与2010年相比有7个省（自治区）增加,平均年增加幅度为0.74%～6.97%。24个省（自治区、直辖市）下降,平均年下降幅度为0.12%～12.26%;2012年新涂阳患者登记率与2010年相比,有1个省增加,平均年增加率为2.94%,30个省（自治区、直辖市）下降,平均年下降幅度为1.38%～46.33%。结论全国活动肺结核登记率缓慢下降,新涂阳患者登记率明显下降,部分省（自治区、直辖市）新涂阳患者登记率大幅度下降,其下降的原因值得进一步调查研究。

英文摘要：

Objective To analyze the trend of the registration of patients with new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis（NSP）and active pulmonary tuberculosis（AP） nationwide from 2010 to 2012, and to provide reference for the evaluation of case detection. Methods The numbers of NSP and AP from the National Tuberculosis Information Management System were used for analysis. The number of population was originated from the National Bureau of Statistics. The annual registration rate of AP and the proportion of NSP in AP were calculated and compared both nationwide and by provinces. Results In 2010 and 2012, NSP registered accounted for 46.2% （429 899/931 465） and 35.4% （316 332/894 199） of AP registered respectively. The registration rates of AP were 69.8/100 000 and 66.4/100 000 respectively in 2010 and 2012, while those of NSP were 32.2/100 000 and 23.5/100 000 respectively. The number of AP decreased by 3.3% from 2010 to 2011 and 1.7% from 2011 to 2012, so did that of NSP （by 12.7% from 2010 to 2011 and 16.5% from 2011 to 2012）. The proportions of NSP in AP of 31 provinces ranged from 26.4% to 66.7% in 2010, from 24.1% to 66.3% in 2011,and from 20.7% to 63.1% in 2012.Compared with the data in 2010, 7 provinces had a rise in the yearly registration rate of AP in 2012 with an average annual increase from 0.74% to 6.97%, and 24 provinces had a decline with an average annual decrease from 0.12% to 12.26%. While 30 provinces had a significant decline in the yearly registration rate of NSP with an average annual decrease from 1.38% to 46.33%, and only one province increased by 2.94% annually. Conclusion There was a slight decline in the registration rate of AP but a significant decline in that of NSP nationwide, especially in some provinces, which is worthy of further investigation.